Patient and Perioperative Correlates of Nausea and Vomiting after General Anesthesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tasya Simanungkalit; Edlin Nadi; Yolanda Eliza Putri Lubis

doi:10.51673/jips.v7i3.2899

Tasya Simanungkalit Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Indonesia
Edlin Nadi Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Indonesia
Yolanda Eliza Putri Lubis PUI Phyto Degenerative & Lifestyle Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.51673/jips.v7i3.2899

Keywords: General anesthesia, General anesthetic technique, Use of opioids, Postoperative nausea and vomiting

Abstract

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remain a frequent complication of general anesthesia, a drug-induced state characterized by unconsciousness and suppression of protective reflexes. The present investigation examined which patient and perioperative characteristics were related to PONV at Royal Prima Hospital in Medan. An analytical cross-sectional observational design was applied to 86 patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were recruited through convenience (accidental) sampling. Evaluated characteristics comprised age, gender, smoking history, previous motion sickness and/or PONV, anesthetic technique, opioid exposure, and surgical type and duration. Bivariate comparisons employed chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, as applicable. Statistical evidence of an association was found for smoking history, prior motion sickness and/or PONV, gender, anesthetic technique, and surgical duration (p<0.05). Age, opioid exposure, and surgical type did not meet the threshold for significance (p>0.05). These results identify a combination of patient characteristics and procedural factors associated with PONV in the hospital’s general anesthesia population.