Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan dan Sains

Development of a PhET-Assisted Contextual Inquiry Physics Module to Support Critical Thinking and Digital Literacy

2026-09-30T18:13:56+08:00

Critical thinking and digital literacy are essential competencies for twenty-first-century learning, yet their development in physics education remains constrained by learning materials that do not systematically integrate scientific inquiry with digital technology. This study aimed to develop a physics module on Work and Energy using a contextual inquiry approach assisted by Physics Education Technology (PhET) simulations and to examine its validity, practicality, and changes in students’ critical thinking and digital literacy following a limited implementation. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, comprising analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The limited trial involved 31 Grade 10 students at SMAN 5 Mataram. Data were collected using expert-validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, a critical-thinking test, and a digital-literacy questionnaire, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, normality testing, normalized gain (N-Gain), and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The module achieved an average validity score of 88.8% and an average practicality score of 86%. Critical-thinking scores increased from 48.2 to 82.6 with an N-Gain of 0.74, whereas digital-literacy scores increased from 46.5 to 88.9 with an N-Gain of 0.79. The Wilcoxon test indicated significant differences between pretest and posttest scores for both variables (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that the module has potential to support the development of critical thinking and digital literacy in a limited-trial context; however, the single-group design without a comparison group does not permit causal inference

Patient and Perioperative Correlates of Nausea and Vomiting after General Anesthesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2026-09-30T18:18:14+08:00

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remain a frequent complication of general anesthesia, a drug-induced state characterized by unconsciousness and suppression of protective reflexes. The present investigation examined which patient and perioperative characteristics were related to PONV at Royal Prima Hospital in Medan. An analytical cross-sectional observational design was applied to 86 patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were recruited through convenience (accidental) sampling. Evaluated characteristics comprised age, gender, smoking history, previous motion sickness and/or PONV, anesthetic technique, opioid exposure, and surgical type and duration. Bivariate comparisons employed chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, as applicable. Statistical evidence of an association was found for smoking history, prior motion sickness and/or PONV, gender, anesthetic technique, and surgical duration (p<0.05). Age, opioid exposure, and surgical type did not meet the threshold for significance (p>0.05). These results identify a combination of patient characteristics and procedural factors associated with PONV in the hospital’s general anesthesia population.

Subsea Pipeline Route Selection Based on Sediment Geotechnics and Hydrodynamics: A Systematic Review

2026-10-02T19:24:03+08:00

Subsea pipeline route selection is a critical stage because corridor decisions determine geotechnical, hydrodynamic, construction, and operational risks. This systematic review aims to synthesize research developments on the integration of seabed sediment characteristics and hydrodynamic factors for pipeline route selection in shallow waters. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was structured following PRISMA 2020 through the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion. The search was designed on Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and Dimensions using combinations of keywords: submarine pipeline, route selection, geotechnical, hydrodynamic, pipe–soil interaction, on-bottom stability, soft clay, and multi-criteria decision analysis. Thematic synthesis indicates that undrained shear strength, embedment, bearing capacity, wave–current, and scour are the main parameters that interact in determining stability. Recent literature also shows a shift toward numerical modeling and site-based evaluation; however, studies integrating the spatial variability of geotechnics and hydrodynamic loads within a single route selection matrix remain limited. Therefore, an integrated multi-criteria evaluation framework is needed to compare route alternatives in a measurable manner in shallow tropical coastal waters.

Ethanol Extracted Carica papaya L. Leaves: In Vitro Antifungal Activity Against Candida albicans

2026-09-30T19:59:59+08:00

Invasive fungal infections caused by Candida albicans remain a significant clinical concern, particularly among immunocompromised individuals, while the increasing occurrence of resistance to azole antifungals has encouraged the exploration of plant-based antifungal agents. Carica papaya L. leaves contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which may contribute to antifungal activity; however, evidence regarding their activity against C. albicans remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of ethanolic C. papaya leaf extract against C. albicans, determine the concentration producing the greatest inhibitory effect, and identify the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Papaya leaves were extracted by maceration using 90% ethanol. Extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% were evaluated against C. albicans using the disc diffusion method to determine inhibition zones and a microdilution method to determine the visual MIC. Fluconazole and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. All treatments were tested in triplicate, and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate. The extract demonstrated concentration-dependent antifungal activity, with the 100% concentration producing the largest inhibition zone among the extract treatments. The MIC was observed at a concentration of 25%. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences in antifungal activity among the tested concentrations (p < 0.05). Fluconazole produced greater inhibition than all extract concentrations, whereas the negative control showed no detectable inhibition. These findings demonstrate that ethanolic C. papaya leaf extract exhibits in vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans, with activity increasing with extract concentration. The extract may therefore serve as a potential source of plant-derived antifungal compounds, although further studies are required to characterize its active constituents and evaluate its efficacy under in vivo conditions.

Mapping Global Collaboration and Research Trends in Nanocellulose: A Bibliometric and Text Mining Analysis

2026-09-30T20:00:00+08:00

Nanocellulose has emerged as a promising biomaterial with broad applications across sustainable packaging, biomedical engineering, and environmental remediation. Despite increasing global interest, a comprehensive understanding of the collaborative dynamics and evolving research directions in this field remains limited. This study aims to map the global research landscape of nanocellulose from 2021 to 2025 through an integrative bibliometric and text mining approach. A total of 2,971 scientific articles were retrieved from the Scopus database using a targeted query focused on nanocellulose-related keywords within the materials science domain. The metadata was analyzed using VOSviewer to visualize co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, citation linkages, and bibliographic coupling. Complementary text analysis, including topic modeling via Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), was conducted using Python libraries such as NLTK, spaCy, and Gensim. The results reveal China as the leading country in terms of research output, institutional collaboration, and funding, followed by India and the United States. Key thematic clusters center around biomedical applications, composite development, and water treatment. Highly cited authors and organizations are concentrated in specialized pulp and paper research institutes. This study not only delineates the structure and trajectory of global nanocellulose research but also highlights emerging areas and collaboration patterns. The findings can guide future research investments, inform policy decisions, and foster strategic academic partnerships in the rapidly evolving field of cellulose-based nanomaterials

Association Between Total Cholesterol Levels and Hypertension Among Medan Customs Office Employees

2026-10-13T21:33:24+08:00

Blood pressure elevation may coexist with disturbances in lipid metabolism. We investigated whether total-cholesterol categories were related to blood-pressure classifications in staff members at the Medan Customs and Excise Office. This analytic cross-sectional study randomly selected 51 employees from a workforce of 105. Total cholesterol was determined with an Autocheck meter, and blood pressure was recorded with a digital sphygmomanometer. Categorical data were summarized by frequency and proportion; the relationship between the two variables was evaluated using Pearson's chi-square test. Of the participants, 26 (51.0%) had desirable cholesterol, 19 (37.3%) had borderline-high values, and 6 (11.8%) had high values. Blood-pressure classification was normal for 12 employees (23.5%), prehypertensive for 16 (31.4%), stage I hypertensive for 18 (35.3%), and stage II hypertensive for 5 (9.8%). Four of the six employees in the high-cholesterol group had stage II hypertension. A significant relationship was found between total-cholesterol and blood-pressure categories (χ²(6)=39.583; p<0.001). These results support incorporating both measurements into periodic occupational health assessments

The Effectiveness of Tabata Circuit and Fartlek Training Models on Aerobic Endurance and Reactive Agility in Squash Athletes Based on Gender

2026-10-15T11:21:48+08:00

This study analyzed the effectiveness of Circuit Tabata and Fartlek training in improving aerobic endurance and reactive agility among POPB DKI Jakarta squash athletes, stratified by gender. An experimental method with a 2x2 factorial design was employed. The subjects consisted of 20 squash athletes aged 14–17 years (12 male and 8 female). Athletes were assigned to either the Circuit Tabata or Fartlek group using an ordinal pairing technique. The training program spanned four weeks, with sessions held four times per week. Aerobic endurance was measured using the Multistage Fitness Test, while reactive agility was assessed via the Squash Shadow Reactive Agility Test. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, the Paired-Samples t-test, and Two-Way ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicated that both training methods improved aerobic endurance and reactive agility. Fartlek training yielded greater improvements in aerobic endurance, with a mean VO₂Max gain of 7.820, compared to 4.880 for Circuit Tabata. The training method had a significant effect on aerobic endurance gains (F (1,16) = 34.332, p < 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.682). Conversely, Circuit Tabata produced greater improvements in reactive agility, with a mean gain of 0.682 seconds, compared to 0.288 seconds for Fartlek. The effect of the training method on reactive agility gains was also significant (F (1,16) = 117.557, p < 0.00, partial eta squared = 0.880). No significant interaction effect was observed between the training method and gender. Therefore, Fartlek training is recommended for enhancing aerobic endurance, whereas Circuit Tabata is more suitable for developing reactive agility

Effectiveness of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Leaf Extract Gel on Dorsal Incised Wound Healing in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2026-10-20T07:41:53+08:00

Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) contains constituents with potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated peppermint leaf extract gels at 5%, 10%, and 15% for dorsal incised wound healing in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). A laboratory pretest–posttest control group design used 30 rats, with five animals in each of six groups. K1 was the normal control with an induced wound and no topical treatment; K2 received the gel base, K3 received Betadine Gel, and K4–K6 received the extract gels. The Federer calculation indicated a minimum of 24 animals. All groups had an initial incision length of 20 mm, and macroscopic healing was recorded on days 3, 7, 10, 13, and 14. Omnibus tests showed overall group differences on days 3, 7, 10, and 13 (p < 0.001). The 15% gel had the highest mean healing among the extract groups before day 14, reaching 64.20% on day 10 and 77.90% on day 13; Betadine Gel reached 71.60% and 78.30%, respectively. The untreated control reached 26.10% and 46.90%. None of the nonparametric pairwise comparisons met the Bonferroni threshold of 0.00333; the day-13 Betadine Gel versus 15% peppermint comparison had an exact p value of 0.095. All groups reached 100% macroscopic closure on day 14. The 15% preparation warrants further preclinical investigation, but equivalence to Betadine Gel and an optimal concentration were not established.

Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory Effectiveness of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Leaf Extract on Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2026-10-20T07:41:52+08:00

Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) contains phytochemical constituents with potential anti-inflammatory activity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an ethanolic peppermint leaf extract against carrageenan-induced paw edema in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Thirty rats were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 5): an uninduced normal group, a saline negative control, diclofenac sodium at 2 mg/kg, and oral peppermint extract at 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg. The extract was prepared by maceration in 96% ethanol and underwent qualitative phytochemical screening. Paw volume and diameter were recorded across six hourly follow-up observations; surface temperature, rubor, peripheral differential leukocytes, and wet paw mass difference were also assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests with exploratory, unadjusted pairwise comparisons. Extraction yielded 60.83 g (20.28%), and all five screened phytochemical classes tested positive. Overall group differences were significant for all evaluated outcomes (p < 0.001). Among the tested doses, 1000 mg/kg produced the greatest descriptive local response, with inhibition of 18.54 ± 3.61% for volume, 72.02 ± 2.10% for diameter, 85.00 ± 13.69% for rubor, and 53.75 ± 0.24% for baseline-adjusted wet mass. Mean surface temperature was 36.58 °C at this dose. Neutrophil and monocyte percentages increased to 56.80% and 14.40%, respectively, indicating that the leukocyte differential did not normalize with the local response. The findings support local antiedematous activity of the extract, especially at the highest tested dose, while chemical standardization, mechanistic investigation, and safety evaluation remain necessary.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Sunkist Orange Peel Nanoparticles Assessed through Hepatic Function and Morphology Using an Alloxan-Induced Wistar Rat Model of Diabetes Mellitus

2026-10-25T23:10:21+08:00

The chronic metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) may cause liver injury through hyperglycemia, excess production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and ensuing oxidative stress. Sunkist orange rind (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) provides flavonoids alongside phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and potential hepatoprotective effects. This investigation tested the potential hepatoprotective effects of Sunkist orange peel extract nanoparticles by assessing hepatic function and morphology using a Wistar rat model with experimentally induced DM. A laboratory experiment used control groups and measurements obtained only after treatment. Animals were assigned to six groups, comprising a healthy reference group, a diabetic group serving as the untreated control, a metformin-treated positive control, and three groups receiving the nanoparticle extract, administered at 100, 200, or 300 mg per kilogram of body weight (BW). Outcomes included total bilirubin concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT or AST) activity, alanine aminotransferase (SGPT or ALT) activity, hepatic morphology scores, and representative histological findings. Significant between-group differences were observed in ALT activity (F(5,12) = 25.859; p < 0.001), AST activity (F(5,12) = 24.191; p < 0.001), total bilirubin (p < 0.001), and liver morphology scores (H(5) = 24.331; p < 0.001). The two lower dose levels (100 and 200 mg per kilogram of body weight) produced the most consistent biochemical improvement, with mean ALT values approximately 58.4% and 58.6% lower, respectively, and mean AST values approximately 53.8% lower than those in the untreated diabetic control. Treatment with 300 mg/kg BW yielded significant morphological improvement, although its effect on AST was less pronounced than that of the 100 and 200 mg per kilogram of body weight doses. No linear association between dose and response was observed. Sunkist orange peel extract nanoparticles show potential hepatoprotective activity in diabetic Wistar rats, particularly at 100–200 mg/kg BW for biochemical outcomes.